DGLAP Evolution
∂f(x,Q²)/∂ ln Q² = (α
s
/2π) · P ⊗ f
EVOLUTION STATE
Q²
10
GeV²
Q
3.16
GeV
α
s
(Q)
0.200
n
f
4
PION MOMENTUM FRACTIONS
Valence
−
Sea
−
Gluon
−
💡
At low Q², valence quarks (u, d̄) carry most of the pion's momentum.
SPLITTING MECHANISMS
q
→
q
+
g
P
qq
Quark radiates gluon
→ valence shifts left
g
→
q
+
q̄
P
qg
Gluon creates sea pair
→ sea quarks grow
g
→
g
+
g
P
gg
Gluon self-splits
→ gluon explodes at small x
q
→
g
+
q
P
gq
Quark emits hard gluon
→ feeds gluon distribution
CONTROLS
Evolution Scale Q²
1 GeV²
10⁶ GeV²
Animation Speed
Auto-Evolve
Log Y-axis
PDF CURVES
x · d̄
v
(x) Valence
x · g(x) / 10 Gluon
x · Σ
sea
(x) Sea quarks
FPS
60